Endeavour APA Referencing Guide: Reference Formatting

Formatting References

You cite each work every time you refer to it in your paper, unless citing a single work in a long paraphrase. Each work cited in an assignment is referenced using the full names and titles in a reference list at the end of the paper.
Only references cited within the text are included in the reference list.


4 Elements of a Reference:

  1. Who is the author?
  2. What is the date of the publication?
  3. What is this work’s title?
  4. From which source was this work retrieved from?


When writing citations and the reference list, the format of the entry in the reference list will change. The structure for an entry to the reference list should be:

  • Author(s) or Organisation
  • Year of publication
  • Title
  • Source.

One Author: Example

Author, A. (Year). Title. Source.

Example (book): Gaby, A.R. (2011). Nutritional medicine. Fritz Perlberg Publishing


Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title. Source.

Example two authors (book): Talley, N.J., & O’Connor, S. (2010). Examination medicine (6th ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
Author, A., Author, B., Author, C., Author, D., & Author, E. (Year). Title. Source.

Example three authors (book): Camfield, D., McIntyre, E., & Sarris, J. (2017). Evidence-based herbal and nutritional treatments for anxiety in psychiatric disorders. Springer International Publishing.

Example twenty authors (book):Chitts, M., Parker, A., Leach, M., Lewis, B., McCarthy, O., Gow, S., Bell, G., Starks, P., Oakden, N., Jones, P., Jones, L., Kirk, J. T., Picard, J.-L., Sisko, B., Janeway, K., Archer, J., Riker, W. C., Tucker, C., Dax, J., & Scott, M. (2018). Librarians, puppies and Star Trek: The inter-relationships of information professionals. Endeavour College of Natural Health.
Author, A., Author, B., Author, C., Author, D., Author, E., Author, F., Author, G., Author, H., Author, I., Author, J., Author, K., Author, L., Author, M., Author, N., Author, O., Author P., Author, Q., Author, R., Author, S., …Author, Z. (Year). Title. Source. (NOTE: include the first 19 names, … final author’s name)

Example (journal article):Taheri, S., Chagoury, O., Zaghloul, H., Elhadad, S., Ahmed, S. H., Omar, O., Payra, S., Ahmed, S., El Khatib, N., Amona, R. A., El Nahas, K., Bolton, M., Chaar, H., Suleiman, N., Jayyousi, A., Zirie, M., Janahi, I., Elhag, W., Alnaama, A., … Abou-Samra, A. B. (2018). Diabetes Intervention Accentuating Diet and Enhancing Metabolism (DIADEM-I): A randomised controlled trial to examine the impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention consisting of a low-energy diet and physical activity on body weight and metabolism in early type 2 diabetes mellitus: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 19(1), Article 284. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2660-1
Organisation Name. (Year). Title. Source.

Example without abbreviation in-text (webpage): eatforhealth.gov.au. (n.d.). Dietary energy. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand. https://www.nrv.gov.au/dietary-energy
Title. (Year). Source. Or “Title.” (Year). Source.

Example italics (books): Chinese herbal medicine: Materia Medica. (2004). (D. Bensky, S. Clavey & E. Stoger, Trans.; 3rd ed.). Eastland Printing.

Example italics (books): Chinese herbal medicine: Materia Medica. (2004). (D. Bensky, S. Clavey & E. Stoger, Trans.; 3rd ed.). Eastland Printing.

Example without italics (journal article): "Working from home: Does the home office impact employee's productivity?" (2022). Economy and Well-being, 12(4), 223-239. https://doi.org/
Author, A. (n.d.). Title. Source.

Example (webpage): Jones, P. (n.d.)..How to get A+ on every single assignment. Librarians Online. http://www.youhavetoworkhard.com.

Example italics (books): Chinese herbal medicine: Materia Medica. (2004). (D. Bensky, S. Clavey & E. Stoger, Trans.; 3rd ed.). Eastland Printing.

Example without italics (journal article): "Working from home: Does the home office impact employee's productivity?" (2022). Economy and Well-being, 12(4), 223-239. https://doi.org/
An image summarizing how to properly reference from a book or ebook.

When referencing books in your text, the structure should be:

  • Author (s)
  • Copyright Year
  • Title of Book and addition if applicable
  • Publisher
  • DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or URL.

Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version.


Author, A. (Copyright Year). Title of book (#th ed.) Publisher. DOI.

Reference list example: Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B., Burkett, B., Cooke, J., DiPietro, F., Diversi, T., Dye, D., Engel, A., Green, H., Macartney, M., McKean, M., Peoples, G., & Summers, S. (2021). Principles of anatomy and physiology (3rd Asia-Pacific ed.). Wiley.

Narrative citation: Totora et al (2022)

Parenthetical citation: (Tortora et al., 2022.
If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI. For an online work with no DOI, only include a URL if that work is not from an Endeavour Library subscribed database that requires a log-in..

Author, A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. DOI or Author, A. (Copyright Year). Title of book. Publisher. URL.

Reference list example: Summers, J., & Smith, B. (2014). Communication skills handbook (4th ed.). Wiley.

Narrative citation: Summers and Smith (2014).

Parenthetical citation: (Summers & Smith, 2014).
Reference list example (ebook without DOI):Rossi, E. (2007). Shen: Psycho-emotional aspects of Chinese medicine. Churchhill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-10181-6.X5001-4

Narrative citation: Rossi, 2007)

Parenthetical citation: (Rossi, 2007).
Edited books are often the work of multiple groups of people who contribute chapters to build the final work. When using a chapter from an edited book, you must write a specific type of reference list which credits the authors of the chapter. If you are using an edited book that does not have different authors for the chapters, then you can reference the entire work.

Author, A. (Copyright Year). Title of chapter. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (#th ed., pp. #-#). Publisher. DOI or Editor, E. (Ed.). (Copyright Year). Title of book (#th ed.). Publusher. DOI

Reference list example (chapter in an edited book): Lowe, I. (2011). Environment, sustainability and health. In H. Keleher & C. MacDougall (Eds.), Understanding health (3rd ed., pp. 171-181). Oxford University Press.

Narrative citation: Lowe (2011).

Parenthetical citation: (Loew, 2011).
Reference list example (book with editors):Wardrip-Fruin, N., & Montfort, N. (Eds.). (2003). The new media reader. MIT Press

Narrative citation:Wardrip-Fruin and Montfort (2003)

Parenthetical citation:(Wardrip-Fruin & Montfort, 2003)
Both the original publication date and the republished date of the translated work appear in the in-text citations and reference list.

Author, A. (Copyright Year). Title of chapter. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (#th ed., pp. #-#). Publisher. DOI or Editor, E. (Ed.). (Copyright Year). Title of book (#th ed.). Publusher. DOI

Reference list entry: Zhang, Z. (1999). Shang han lun: On cold damage (C. Mitchell, F. Ye, & N. Wiseman, Trans.). Paradigm Publications. (Original work published ca. 196)

Narrative citation:Zhang (ca. 196/1999)

Parenthetical citation:(Zhang, ca. 196/1999)
Author, A. (Copyright Year). Title of book in native language [Title of book in English]. Publisher. DOI.

Reference list example: Brandt, W., Gürke, M., Köhler, F. E., Pabst, G., Schellenberg, G., & Vogtherr, M. (Eds.). (1887). Köhler's medizinal-pflanzen in naturgetreuen abbildungen mit kurz erläuterndem texte: Atlas zur pharmacopoea germanica, austriaca, belgica, danica, helvetica, hungarica, rossica, suecica, Neerlandica, British pharmacopoeia, zum codex medicamentarius, sowie zur pharmacopoeia of the United States of America [Köhler's medicinal plants in true-to-nature illustrations with brief explanatory texts: Atlas of the pharmacopoeia germanica, austriaca, belgica, danica, helvetica, hungarica, rossica, suecica, Neerlandica, British pharmacopoeia, the codex medicamentarius, and the pharmacopoeia of the United States of America] (Vols. 1-4.). Gera-Untermhaus. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.623

Narrative citation:Brandt et al. (1887)

Parenthetical citation:(Brandt et al., 1887)

Reference list example: Correa, A. L. (2019). La hija olvidada [The daughter’s tale]. Atria Books.

Narrative citation:Correa (2019)

Parenthetical citation:(Correa, 2019)
An image summarizing how to properly reference from a journal.

For journal articles, the date field should only contain the year. Other periodicals (such as magazine articles, newspaper articles and blog posts) have the option of including month and day if the information has been provided. The structure for a journal article reference entry is:

  • Author (s)
  • Year of publication
  • Title of the article
  • Name of the publication
  • Volume(issue number)
  • Article page range
  • DOI (Digital Object Identifier)


Author, A. (Year). Title of Article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page range. DOI.

Reference list example: Heraghty, J., &Cummins, R. (2012). A layered approach to raising public awareness of macular degeneration in Australia. American Journal of Public Health, 102(9), 1655-1659. http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300657

Narrative citation: Heraghty and Cummins (2012))

Parenthetical citation: (Heraghty and Cummins, 2012)
If no DOI is available for a journal article, don’t include a URL if the link is from the College’s subscribed databases (requiring a log-in) like EBSCO and ProQuest. Only include a URL if a journal article does not have a DOI and was not provided by the College’s subscribed database (does not require a log-in to access), like PubMed.

Author, A. (Year). Title of Article. Title of Journal, volume (issue), page range.

Or Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page range. URL.

Reference list example:Carlisle, D. (2012). In the line of fire. Nursing Standard, 26(39), 18-19.

Narrative citation:Carlisle (2012).

Parenthetical citation:(Carlisle, (2012).

Reference list example (not from subscribed database):Krysiak, R., Marek, B., & Okopien, B. (2008). Subclinical hypothyroidism. Wiadomosci Lekarskie, 61(4-6), 139-45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18939365/

Narrative citation: Krysial et al. (2008)

Parenthetical citation: (Krysial et al., 2008).
Born digital articles are becoming the most popular way to publish new research. This means that often you will come across an article without page numbers. Instead of a page range, publishers will include a unique article number (different from a DOI). In your reference list entry, you can provide this number in place of a page range.

Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), Article ###. DOI

Reference list example: Shakour, Z., Shehab, N., Gomaa, A., Wessjohann, L., & Farag, M. (2022). Metabolic and biotransformation effects on dietary glucosinolates, their bioavailability, catabolism and biological effects in different organisms. Biotechnology Advances,54, Article 107784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107784

Narrative citation: Shakour et al. (2022)

Parenthetical citation:(Shakour et al., 2022).
When you are building a reference that includes a scientific name (aka taxonomy; such as a botanical name including genus, species or varieties, or a bacterium such as a probiotic strain) you are required to always use italics both in-text and in the reference list.

Author, A. (Year). Title of Article with Scientific Name in Italics. Title of Journal, volume (issue), page range. DOI

Reference list entry: The Journal of Dermatology, 38(2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00939.x

Narrative citation:Moroi et al. (2010)

Parenthetical citation:(Moroi et al., 2010)

An image summarizing how to properly reference from a website.

When referencing a website or online page, structure your reference as:

  • Organisation Name
  • Date Updated
  • Title of the webpage
  • Site Name
  • Source URL of website


Author, A. (Date Updated). Title of webpage. Sitename. URL.

Reference list example: Thelwell, L. (2023, March 22). Particle 101: Endometriosis. Particle. https://particle.scitech.org.au/health/partice-101-endometriosis/

Narrative citation: Thelwell (2023)

Parenthetical citation: (Thelwell, 2023)
For works with no date, use “n.d.” in the in-text citation and reference list. This is common when using a website as a source, as it is not often that a date of publication is included. Do not use the copyright date..

Author, A. (n.d.). Title of webpage. Sitename. URL.

Reference list example: The North American Menopause Society. (n.d.). Hormone therapy: Benefits & risks. https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopauseflashes/menopause-symptoms-and-treatments/hormone-therapy-benefits-risks

Narrative citation: The North American Menopause Society (NAMS, n.d.) [for the first in-text citation]. NAMS (n.d.) [for subsequent citations]

Parenthetical citation: (The North American Menopause Society [NAMS], n.d.). [for the first in-text citation] (NAMS, n.d.) [for subsequent citations].
For a page from an organisation’s website without individual authors, use the name of the organization as the author. When the name of the author and the name of the website are the same, omit the website name in reference. For government publications use the specific agency responsible as the author and place any additional parent agencies in the source element.

Organisation Name. (Date updated). Title of webpage. Sitename. URL.

Reference list example: Mayo Clinic. (2020, June 13). Cough. https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/cough/basics/definition/sym-20050846

Queensland Health. (2022, June 23). 2022-23 budget. Queensland Government.
https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/health-system/managing/budget?utm_medium=website&utm_source=qh_www_home_page&utm_campaign=dh-WWW-HOME&utm_term=&utm_content=2022_23_budget_tile

Narrative citation:Mayo Clinic (2020). Queensland Health (2022)

Parenthetical citation:(Mayo Clinic, 2020). (Queensland Health, 2022)
When you are building a reference that includes a scientific name (aka taxonomy; such as a botanical name including genus, species or varities, or a bacterium such as a probiotic strain) you are required to always use italics both in-text and in the reference list. However, when the scientific name is in an italicised title element you will need to remove the italics in order to retain emphasis (ie. reverse italics).

Author, A. (Date Updated). Title of Webpage with Scientific Name not in italics. Source. URL

Reference list entry: Zhang, Z. (1999). Shang han lun: On cold damage (C. Mitchell, F. Ye, & N. Wiseman, Trans.). Paradigm Publications. (Original work published ca. 196)

Reference list example: The Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. (n.d.). New South Wales flora online: Solanum nigrum L. PlantNet. https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=solanum~nigrum

Narrative citation: The Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (RBGS, n.d.) [for the first in-text citation] RBGS (n.d.) [for subsequent citations]

Parenthetical citation: (The Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney [RBGS], n.d.). [for the first in-text citation] (RBGS, n.d.). [for subsequent citations]
When a PDF document does not fit into any other referencing format (e.g. journal article), use the standard formatting for a webpage as a guide. For government publications, use the specific agency responsible as the author, and place any additional parent agencies in the source element.
Organisation Name. (Year). Title. Source. URL.

Reference list example: Queensland Health. (2022, September). Adult inpatient management of steroid induced hyperglycaemia. Queensland Government. www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/1175211/g-steroid-induced-hyperglycaemia.pdf

Narrative citation: Queensland Health (2022)

Parenthetical citation: (Queensland Health, 2022)

When referencing a video, structure your reference as:

  • Producer, Creator, or Featured Presenter
  • (Date Uploaded)
  • Title of Work
  • Type of Recording
  • Name of website
  • Source URL


If referencing a film, the director should be credited as the author of the film. If no director is known, someone in a similar role can be credited instead (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 343).


Producer, P. (Date Uploaded). Title of work [Type of recording]. Sitename. URL

Reference list example: FX Medicine. (2018, May 30). Naturopathy: What is co-regulation? With Peter Berryman [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/272506691

Narrative citation: FX Medicine (2018)

Parenthetical citation: (FX Medicine, 2018)
Uploader. (Date Uploaded). Title of video [Video]. Youtube. URL.

Reference list example: NVusSounds. (2014, July 24). How to make alkaline water [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGNr72q4Knw

Narrative citation: NVusSounds (2014)

Parenthetical citation: (NVusSounds, 2014).
Use this format only for recorded, retrievable webinars (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 344).

Presenter, P. (Date uploaded). Title of presentation [Webinar]. Sitename. URL

Reference list example: Kidd, M., & de Toca, L. (2023, February 2). COVID-19 response update for primary care [Webinar]. Department of Health and Aged Care. https://publish.viostream.com/app/s-dauhruw

Narrative citation: Kidd and de Toca (2023)

Parenthetical citation: (Kidd & de Toca, 2023).

All figures and tables must be referenced. Figures are typically any form of visual aid that you use to help explain your point, including images, illustrations, graphs, charts or infographics. Tables contain statistical information, or related information which is better explained when placed in a common area.
In APA we use note sections to reference figures and tables. Note sections use a different format to reference entries and require a full reference in the reference list. You must also refer to any figures or tables in the text of your assignment (i.e., Figure 1, Figure 2; Table 1, Table 2), thereby linking your argument to the information presented in them.
Here are some of the basic templates for figure and table referencing


Note example:
Example reference of table from a book

Note. Adapted from Managing Therapy-Interfering Behavior: Strategies From Dialectical Behavior Therapy (p. 172), by A. L. Chapman and M. Z. Rosenthal, 2016, American Psychological Association. Copyright 2016 by the American Psychological Association.

In-text Citation: (Chapman & Rosenthal, 2016). Chapman and Rosenthal (2016) demonstrates that...

and

As seen in Figure One ... (see Figure One)

Reference list example: Chapman, A. L., & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2016). Managing therapy-interfering behavior: Strategies from dialectical behavior therapy [Image]. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14752-000

Note example:
Example reference of table from a journal

Note. Adapted from “Social Media: A Contextual Framework to Guide Research and Practice”, by L. A. McFarland and R. E. Ployhart, 2015, Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6), p. 1656. Copyright 2015 by the American Psychological Association.

In-text Citation: (McFarland & Ployhart, 2015). McFarland and Ployhart (2015) demonstrates that…

and

As seen in Figure One ... (see Figure One)

Reference list example: McFarland, L. A., & Ployhart, R. E. (2015). Social media: A contextual framework to guide research and practice [Infographic]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6), 1653–1677. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039244
Note example:
Example reference of table from a website

Note. Adapted from Evidence-Based Practice in Health, by M. Turner, 2014, University of CanberraLibrary (https://canberra.libguides.com/c.php?g=599346&p=4149722). Copyright 2014 by University of Canberra Library.

In-text Citation: (Turner, 2014). Turner (2014) demonstrates that…

and

As seen in Figure One ... (see Figure One)

Reference list example: Turner, M. (2014). Evidence-based practice in health.University of Canberra Library. https://canberra.libguides.com/c.php?g=599346&p=4149722
Note example:
Example reference of table from an app or software program

Note. Adapted from Jane Doe’s Nutrition, by Nutrition Experts, 2023, Foodzone (https://foodzone.io/). Copyright 2023 by Nutrition Experts.

In-text Citation:
(Nutrition Experts, 2023) Nutrition Experts (2023)

and

As seen in Table One ... / As seen in Figure One... (see Table One) / (see Figure One)

Reference list example: Nutrition Experts. (2023). Jane Doe’s nutrition. Foodzone. https://foodzone.io/

When referencing software or an app, structure your reference as:

  • Author or authors
  • (Date)
  • Title of Work (in italics)
  • Version number
  • Format [in square brackets]
  • Publisher (such as the App Store)
  • Source URL.

When referencing a section or entry from software or an app, structure your reference as:

  • Author or authors
  • (Date updated)
  • Title of entry or section
  • Title of Work (in italics)
  • Version number
  • Format [in square brackets]
  • Publisher (such as the App Store)
  • Source URL.

If your software, app, or cloud-based program has a URL, include it at the end of the reference. Below are some examples for referencing software and apps.


OpenAI. (Year). ChatGPT (## ## version) [Large language model]. URL

Reference list example: OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023).

Xyris. (Year). Foodworks # (Version ##) [Computer Software]. https://xyris.com.au

Reference list example: Xyris. (2023). Foodworks 10 (Version 10.0.426) [Computer Software] https://xyris.com.au

Narrative citation: Xyris (2023)

Parenthetical citation: (Xyris, 2023).

There are two ways to reference the Jing app. If you are paraphrasing a section without a specific author, then you can use the first example. If you are paraphrasing from a section with a specific author, use the second example. For a section without a specific author:

Self Care Resources. (Date Updated). Jing (Version #) [Mobile app]. App Store. URL

Reference list example: Self Care Resources. (2022, October 19). Jing (Version 1.9) [Mobile app]. App Store. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/jing/id1575884671
Narrative citation: Self Care Resources (2022)
Parenthetical citation: (Self Care Resources, 2022)

For a section with a specific author:

Author, A. (Date Updated). Title of entry or section. In Jing (Version #) [Mobile app]. App store. URL

Reference list example: Deadman, P. (2022, October 19). Qigong for lower back and knees. In Jing (Version 1.9) [Mobile app]. App Store. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/jing/id1575884671
Narrative citation: Deadman (2022)
Parenthetical citation: (Deadman, 2022)
Radar Opus is a reference software that contains many titles specific to Homeopathy. To reference any title inside Radar Opus, please follow the instructions on how to reference a book, or translated books on the Books or Ebooks page. You will find that many of the titles have a front page, providing the required information to create a reference and in-text citation for your assignment.

For more information on referencing works from Radar Opus please visit the knowledge base article How do I reference Radar Opus using APA 7th?
Xyris. (Year). Foodworks [Computer Software]. https://https://foodworks.online

Reference list example: Xyris. (2023). Foodworks [Computer Software]. https://xyris.com.au

Narrative citation: Xyris (2023)

Parenthetical citation: (Xyris, 2023).

When referencing a database, structure your reference as:

  • Author or authors
  • Year (or year range)
  • Title of dataset (in italics)
  • Version (in round brackets)
  • Format [in square brackets]
  • Publisher
  • DOI or source URL

    Here are some of examples for referencing databases.


    Title of entry. (Date updated). In R. Buckingham (Ed.) Martindale: The complete drug reference. Pharmaceutical Press.

    Reference list example: Warfarin. (2022, March 8). In R. Buckingham (Ed.). Martindale: The complete drug reference. Pharmaceutical Press.
    Narrative citation: “Warfarin” (2022).
    Parenthetical citation: (“Warfarin”, 2022).

    Therapeutic Research Center. (Date updated). Title of entry. NatMed.

    Reference list example: Therapeutic Research Center. (2021, April 11). Red Clover. NatMed.
    Narrative citation: As Therapeutic Research Center (TRC, 2021) states… [for the first in-text citation] – TRC (2021) [for subsequent citations]
    Parenthetical citation: ...has been shown (Therapeutic Research Center [TRC], 2021). [for the first in-text citation] – (TRC,2021) [for subsequent citations]

    Author, A. (Date Updated). Title of entry (E. Editor, Ed.). Nutrition Reference Center.

    Reference list example: Dixon, S. & Marcel, C. (2019). Folic acid (D Pravikoff, Ed.). Nutrition Reference Center.
    Narrative citation: Dixon and Marcel (2019).
    Parenthetical citation: (Dixon & Marcel, 2019).

    Author, A. (Date Updated). Supplementary database/section/tool: Title of entry. Database Name.

    Reference list example: Therapeutic Research Center. (n.d.). Nutrient depletion: Gaviscon. NatMed.
    Narrative citation: Therapeutic Research Center (n.d.).
    Parenthetical citation: (Therapeutic Research Center, n.d.).

Legislation includes Acts, Bills, Regulations, Orders and Rules. Refer to the examples below for the correct reference required for an Act (whole), Act (section), or Bill. For information on how to reference legal materials, please see the Australian Guide to Legal Citation 4th Edition (AGLC4) via the University of Melbourne website. When referencing legislation, structure your reference as:

  • Titles should have all major words capitalised.
  • The year from when the Act was originally passed.
  • Note the differing italicisation between Acts and Bills
  • The section number is optional. Include the section number if you are referring to a particular section of an Act.
  • If you have already cited an Act, the next time you refer to that Act you can omit the year and jurisdiction.

    Refer to the examples below for the correct reference required for an Act (whole), Act (section), or Bill.


    Short Title of the Act Year No## (Jurisdiction abbreviation). URL/web address if applicable.

    Reference list example: Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 No 21 (Cth) Dixon, S. & Marcel, C. (2019). https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A03952/2020-12-16/text
    Narrative in-text citation: …requests about quality of the medicine. s 22G (1b) of The Therapeutic Goods Administration Act 1989 (Cth) states ...
    Parenthetical citation: (Therapeutic Goods Act, 1989).

    Short Title of the Act Year No## (Jurisdiction abbreviation) s. Section Number. URL/web address if applicable.

    Reference list example: Scientific Advice about Aspects of Quality, Safety or Efficacy of Medicine 1989 (Cth) s 22G. https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A03952/2020-12-16/text
    Narrative in-text citation: …requests about quality of the medicine. s 22G (1b) of The Therapeutic Goods Administration Act 1989 (Cth) states ...
    Parenthetical citation: … refer to Scientific Advice about the Quality, Safety or Efficacy of Medicine (1989) … when goods have been tampered with

    Bill name Year (Jurisdiction abbreviation). URL/web address if applicable.

    Reference list example: Australian National Preventative Health Agency (Health and Ageing) Bill 2010. https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2010B00237
    Narrative in-text citation: … the initiatives used originated in the Australian National Preventative Health Agency (Health and Ageing) Bill (2010) …
    Parenthetical citation: (Australian National Preventative Health Agency [Health and Ageing] Bill, 2010).

An appendix or appendices are included at the end of your paper to provide supporting evidence to the body of your work. The content of appendices are typically lengthy reports, additional materials that relate to the topic of your assignment, and any relevant statistical or textual information that hinders the flow of your paper. When writing appendices, remember:

  • Placed after your reference list.
  • Each figure/table must have a title, note section, and a reference.
  • Refer the reader to (i.e. cite) each appendix in your assignment at least once.
  • Presented in the same order that they are introduced in the text.

    Appendices are not included in your word count. If you are unsure about what to include in your appendices, please refer to your assessment specifications or speak to your subject academic.


    For a singular appendix (you only have one), you would refer to it in text as Appendix. The heading of your appendix would be the same.
    Example reference of single appendix
    This is an example of a table in an appendix. It was the first appendix cited in the body of your assignment, which is why it is labelled Appendix A. You would refer the reader to this appendix by using a narrative citation, as seen Appendix A, or a parenthetical citation (see Appendix A).

    This is an example of multiple tables in an appendix. It was the second appendix cited in the body of your assignment, which is why it is labelled Appendix B. You would refer the reader to this appendix by using the table numbers either in narrative, or a parenthetical citation.

    This is an example of text in an appendix. Even though it runs over two pages, the information belongs to one appendix. It was the third appendix cited in the body of your assignment, which is why it is labelled Appendix C. You would refer the reader to this appendix by using a narrative citation, as seen Appendix C, or a parenthetical citation

    This is an example of a figure in an appendix. It was the fourth appendix cited in the body of your assignment, which is why it is labelled Appendix D. You would refer the reader to this appendix by using a narrative citation, as seen Appendix D, or a parenthetical citation (see Appendix D).

    This is an example of multiple figures in an appendix. It was the fifth appendix cited in the body of your assignment, which is why it is labelled Appendix E. You would refer the reader to this appendix by using the figure numbers either in narrative, as seen Figure E2, or a parenthetically (see Figure E4). Each figure must be referred to in the body of your assignment.